Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD/NASH)

Fatty liver disease occurs when too much fat builds up in liver cells. There are two main types:

• Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Simple fat accumulation without inflammation, and
• Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): Fat accumulation with inflammation and scarring.

NAFLD and NASH are now among the most common liver conditions in the U.S., often linked to obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol.¹

At The Medical Group of New Jersey, our hepatologists focus on early detection and lifestyle-based interventions that can reverse or slow disease progression.

1. Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, et al. “Changing Epidemiology, Global Trends and Implications for Outcomes of NAFLD.” Journal of Hepatology, vol. 79, no. 3, 9 May 2023.

Symptom Onset & Initial Evaluation

Most people with fatty liver disease don’t have symptoms at first. The condition is often discovered incidentally during blood work or imaging for another issue. When symptoms occur, they may include:

• Fatigue or low energy
• Discomfort or fullness in the upper right abdomen
• Mild elevations in liver enzyme levels

During your visit, your provider will review your medical history, weight, medications, and metabolic risk factors. You’ll also discuss lifestyle habits such as diet, physical activity, and alcohol use.

Diagnosis

To confirm fatty liver disease and determine if inflammation or scarring is present, your hepatologist may order:

• Liver blood tests: To detect elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST).
• Ultrasound or FibroScan: To measure fat content and liver stiffness.
• CT or MRI: For detailed evaluation of the liver’s structure.
• Liver biopsy: Sometimes recommended to confirm NASH or fibrosis.

All imaging and lab testing can be coordinated through The Medical Group of New Jersey’s hepatology and radiology departments for a seamless evaluation process.

Treatment

Treatment focuses on improving liver health and addressing underlying metabolic conditions:

Lifestyle & Medical Management

• Weight loss: Even a 5–10% reduction in body weight can improve liver inflammation.
• Healthy diet: Focus on fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and reducing processed foods.
• Exercise: Regular aerobic and strength activity helps reduce fat in the liver.
• Blood sugar and cholesterol control: Through medication or dietary changes.

Advanced Therapies (if NASH or fibrosis is present)

• Enrollment in clinical trials for new medications
• Vitamin E supplementation in select cases (non-diabetic patients)
• Regular monitoring for progression to cirrhosis or liver cancer

Ongoing Management & Prevention

Fatty liver disease can often be reversed with early lifestyle changes. Long-term success depends on maintaining healthy habits and monitoring for progression. Your hepatologist will recommend:

• Routine liver function tests every 6 to 12 months
• Annual imaging to track liver fat and fibrosis
• Ongoing management of diabetes, cholesterol, and blood pressure
• Avoiding alcohol and unnecessary medications that affect the liver

At The Medical Group of New Jersey, we emphasize prevention through education, nutrition support, and regular follow-up to protect liver health and prevent complications such as cirrhosis.