Skin Cancers
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, but when detected early, it’s highly treatable. The main types include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Sun exposure and ultraviolet (UV) radiation are the leading causes, though genetics and immune status also play a role.
At The Medical Group of New Jersey, our dermatologists emphasize early detection through skin exams, advanced imaging, and precise treatment, including Mohs micrographic surgery for optimal cosmetic and medical outcomes.
Symptom Onset & Initial Evaluation
Skin cancers can appear anywhere on the body, even in areas not regularly exposed to the sun. Warning signs may include:
- New or changing moles or spots on the skin
- Lesions that bleed, crust, or fail to heal
- Pearly, scaly, or wart-like growths
- Irregular borders, color changes, or asymmetry (especially in melanoma)
During your evaluation, your dermatologist will perform a full-body skin exam, often using a dermatoscope (a magnifying light) to closely inspect moles and lesions. If anything appears suspicious, a skin biopsy is performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis relies on a combination of visual examination and histologic testing. Steps may include:
- Skin biopsy: The definitive test to identify cancer type and depth
- Lymph node evaluation or imaging: For advanced cases or suspected melanoma spread
- Genetic or molecular testing: When needed to guide targeted therapy in melanoma
Treatment & Ongoing Management
Treatment depends on the type, size, and location of the cancer. Options include:
- Surgical excision: Removal of the lesion with clear margins
- Mohs micrographic surgery: A precise, tissue-sparing technique for facial or high-risk areas
- Topical therapies: For early, superficial skin cancers
- Radiation or systemic therapy: For advanced cases or when surgery isn’t possible
- Melanoma care: May involve immunotherapy, targeted biologic agents, or coordination with oncology for comprehensive treatment
Your dermatologist will also provide sun protection counseling and develop a personalized surveillance plan for ongoing prevention.
Follow-Up & Outlook
Early detection saves lives. Most skin cancers are curable when identified and treated promptly. Routine skin checks, every 6 to 12 months, help detect new or recurring lesions early. With ongoing care and sun safety habits, patients can protect their skin and achieve excellent long-term outcomes.