The Difference Between Headaches and Migraines: A Guide for Migraine Awareness Month
Each June, National Migraine and Headache Awareness Month brings attention to the millions of people who live with these often debilitating conditions. While many use the terms interchangeably, headaches and migraines are not the same. Understanding the difference can lead to more effective treatment and better quality of life. The field of neurology plays a vital role in helping patients manage both types of pain.
What Is a Migraine?
A migraine is a complex neurological condition that causes severe, often throbbing pain, usually on one side of the head. Migraines are typically accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light or sound. Some people experience visual disturbances or other sensory changes known as aura before the migraine begins.
Migraines can last from a few hours to several days. They are more than just bad headaches; they involve changes in brain activity and affect how the nerves and blood vessels interact.
How Are Headaches Different from Migraines?
Headaches are a general term used to describe pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck. They come in various types, including tension headaches, cluster headaches, and sinus headaches. Most headaches are mild to moderate in intensity and do not include the other symptoms that are typical of migraines.
Tension headaches are the most common type. They often feel like a tight band across the forehead or at the back of the neck. Unlike migraines, they do not usually cause nausea or visual changes.
Treating a Migraine
Migraine treatment depends on the frequency and severity of the attacks. For many people, over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help with occasional migraines. Those with more severe or frequent episodes may benefit from prescription medications, including triptans or preventive treatments such as beta-blockers, anti-seizure medications, or newer CGRP inhibitors.
Lifestyle adjustments can also make a difference. Keeping a consistent sleep schedule, staying hydrated, managing stress, and identifying personal triggers may help reduce the number of migraine days.
What Causes Chronic Migraines?
Chronic migraines are defined as having headache symptoms on 15 or more days per month for more than three months, with at least eight of those days having migraine features. The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but several factors may contribute. These include genetics, changes in brain chemicals, and environmental triggers.
Common triggers for migraines include:
- Hormonal changes, especially in women
- Certain foods or additives
- Stress or lack of sleep
- Weather changes
- Sensory stimuli such as bright lights or strong smells
Neurology specialists work with patients to identify patterns and develop tailored treatment plans. This may involve medication, lifestyle changes, or other interventions such as Botox injections or nerve blocks for some individuals.
Headaches vs. Migraines: When to See a Neurology Specialist
Understanding the difference between headaches and migraines can lead to earlier diagnosis and better treatment. During National Migraine and Headache Awareness Month, take the opportunity to learn more about your symptoms and talk to a neurology provider if migraines are affecting your daily life.
At The Medical Group of New Jersey, we specialize in neurology and offer personalized care for patients experiencing frequent or severe headaches. Our experienced neurology team can help identify the root cause of your symptoms and develop a treatment plan that supports your overall well-being.