Bunions & Hammertoes
Bunions and hammertoes are structural deformities of the toes that develop gradually over time, often due to inherited foot shape, tight shoes, or arthritis. A bunion occurs when the big toe drifts toward the second toe, while hammertoes involve bending or curling of the smaller toes.
At The Medical Group of New Jersey, our podiatrists provide comprehensive care, from conservative management to corrective surgery, to relieve pain, restore alignment, and improve function.
Symptom Onset & Initial Evaluation
Early signs include pain, redness, or swelling at the base of the big toe or on the top of bent toes. Shoes may rub against the deformity, causing irritation or calluses. Common symptoms:
- Difficulty finding comfortable footwear
- Burning, aching, or throbbing pain around the affected joint
- Progressive change in toe shape or overlapping toes
During your initial evaluation, your podiatrist will review your symptoms, activity level, and footwear history. A foot exam and gait analysis help determine how the deformity affects your balance and mobility.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a clinical foot examination and X-rays, which help assess joint alignment and the severity of the deformity. These imaging studies guide decisions on whether non-surgical care or surgical correction is best for your specific condition.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the amount of pain, the severity of the deformity, and lifestyle needs.
Conservative (Non-Surgical) Care
- Footwear modification: Choose wide-toe shoes with soft materials and low heels
- Padding and taping: Reduce pressure and protect affected areas
- Custom orthotics: Support proper alignment and reduce friction
- Anti-inflammatory medication: Alleviates pain and swelling
Surgical Options
If pain persists or deformity worsens despite conservative treatment, surgery may be considered. Options include:
- Bunionectomy: Removes excess bone and realigns the joint
- Hammertoe correction: Straightens the toe with tendon release or fusion
Our podiatrists at The Medical Group of New Jersey use minimally invasive bunion surgery (MIBS) for enhanced outcomes and faster recovery.1 Your podiatrist will explain surgical risks, benefits, and expected recovery time.
1. Lonati, Danielle, et al. “A Multi-Dimensional Systematic Review of Minimally Invasive Bunion Surgery (MIBS).” Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 14, no. 8, 17 Apr. 2025.
Ongoing Management & Prevention
After recovery, ongoing care focuses on preventing recurrence or new deformities:
- Continue wearing supportive, properly fitted shoes
- Stretch and strengthen your toes and feet
- Monitor for early signs of recurrence
Regular follow-up with your podiatrist helps maintain healthy foot alignment and comfort.