Carotid Artery Stenosis

Carotid artery stenosis is the narrowing of the carotid arteries in the neck, which supply blood to the brain. This condition is a major cause of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and stroke. Plaque buildup (atherosclerosis) within these arteries can reduce blood flow or lead to clot formation, increasing the risk of stroke.

At The Medical Group of New Jersey, our vascular specialists provide comprehensive stroke prevention and carotid revascularization, using advanced imaging and surgical techniques to protect brain health and prevent future events.

Symptom Onset & Initial Evaluation

Carotid artery disease may remain silent for years until symptoms of a TIA or stroke appear. Common warning signs include:

• Sudden weakness, numbness, or paralysis on one side of the body
• Difficulty speaking or understanding words
• Temporary vision loss or blurring in one eye
• Dizziness, loss of balance, or fainting

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience these symptoms.

During your visit, your vascular surgeon will review your medical history, risk factors and perform a physical exam, often listening for a carotid bruit (a whooshing sound over the artery that suggests narrowing).

Diagnosis

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for determining stroke risk and guiding treatment. Tests may include:

• Carotid Duplex Ultrasound: This is a non-invasive test that detects plaque and measures blood flow.
• CT Angiography (CTA) or MR Angiography (MRA): Produces detailed images of the carotid arteries and brain circulation.
• Cerebral Angiography: Used for complex or pre-surgical planning.

Treatment

Treatment focuses on reducing stroke risk by restoring or maintaining healthy blood flow to the brain.

Medical Management

• Antiplatelet therapy: Aspirin or clopidogrel to prevent clot formation.
• Statins: Lower cholesterol and slow plaque progression.
• Blood pressure and diabetes control: Reduce stress on vessel walls.

Procedural & Surgical Options

• Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA): Surgical removal of plaque from the artery wall, typically for significant narrowing (>70%).
• Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS): Minimally invasive option for patients at higher surgical risk; places a stent to keep the artery open.

At The Medical Group of New Jersey, both procedures are performed by experienced vascular surgeons using advanced intraoperative imaging and anesthesia techniques for safety and precision.

Ongoing Management & Long-Term Prevention

Long-term follow-up helps prevent stroke recurrence and maintain carotid health.

• Regular ultrasound surveillance: Every 6–12 months after treatment or surgery.
• Medication adherence: Continue statin and antiplatelet therapy lifelong unless otherwise directed.
• Lifestyle changes: Quit smoking, follow a heart-healthy diet, and exercise regularly.
• Routine health screenings: Control hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol.
• Prompt evaluation of new symptoms: Any sudden weakness, confusion, or vision changes should trigger urgent medical review.

At The Medical Group of New Jersey, our vascular surgeons coordinate ongoing care with neurology, cardiology, and primary care teams to ensure long-term stroke prevention and overall cardiovascular wellness.