Gynecologic Cancers
Gynecologic cancers affect the reproductive organs and include cervical cancer, endometrial (uterine) cancer, and ovarian cancer. These conditions may cause symptoms such as abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain, or bloating, but in some cases, they have no early symptoms at all.
At The Medical Group of New Jersey, our OB/GYN team provides thorough evaluation, timely diagnosis, and coordinated care with gynecologic oncology to ensure every patient receives expert, compassionate support throughout diagnosis and treatment.
Symptom Onset & Initial Evaluation
Symptoms vary depending on the type of cancer and its stage. Some patients seek care after noticing unusual bleeding, while others come in for routine screening that uncovers early disease. Regardless of how symptoms begin, our goal is to evaluate concerns promptly and thoughtfully.
During your initial appointment at The Medical Group of New Jersey, your OB/GYN will start with a detailed history and review of any symptoms you have experienced.
Common Symptoms
- Abnormal uterine bleeding (bleeding after menopause, bleeding between periods)
- Pelvic or abdominal pain
- Bloating or early fullness
- Pain during intercourse
- Unexplained weight loss
- Changes in bowel or bladder habits
- Persistent vaginal discharge
Evaluation
Your initial evaluation may include:
- Review of menstrual and reproductive history
- Discussion of family history of gynecologic or breast cancers
- Pelvic and abdominal exam
- Review of risk factors such as obesity, hormone exposure, or genetic predisposition
If symptoms or risk factors raise concern, additional testing will be recommended.
Diagnosis & Risk Assessment
Accurate diagnosis is essential for selecting the right treatment. Evaluation focuses on identifying the type of cancer, its stage (progression), and any factors that may influence care. Tests used to diagnose and stage cancer may include:
Cervical Cancer Evaluation
- Pap test to screen for abnormal cells
- HPV testing for high-risk Human Papillomavirus types
- Colposcopy to closely examine the cervix
- Biopsy to confirm diagnosis
Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer Evaluation
- Transvaginal ultrasound to measure endometrial thickness
- Endometrial biopsy to sample the uterine lining
- Hysteroscopy if a more detailed view is needed
Ovarian Cancer Evaluation
- Pelvic ultrasound to assess ovarian masses
- Tumor markers (e.g., CA-125) in select cases
- CT or MRI scanning for further characterization
Additional Risk Assessment
- Testing for Lynch syndrome or other genetic conditions
- Review of hormone exposure and family history
- Evaluation of metabolic risks, including obesity or diabetes
If cancer is diagnosed or strongly suspected, we will coordinate your care with gynecologic oncology immediately.
Treatment & Management
Treatment depends on the type of cancer, stage, overall health, and patient preferences. Because gynecologic cancers often require specialized care, our OB/GYNs partner closely with expert gynecologic oncologists to ensure timely, coordinated treatment.
Surgical Management
Most gynecologic cancers are initially treated with surgery, which may include:
- Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus)
- Removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes
- Lymph node sampling
- Debulking surgery for advanced ovarian cancer
Minimally invasive options, such as laparoscopy or robotic surgery, may be available depending on the case.
Medical and Radiation Therapies
Following surgery, patients may require:
- Chemotherapy (commonly for ovarian cancer)
- Radiation therapy (often used for cervical or endometrial cancer)
- Hormonal therapy (select cases of endometrial cancer)
- Targeted therapy or immunotherapy, depending on the tumor type and genetics
Your oncology team will explain treatment recommendations, expected side effects, and supportive care options.
Supportive & Symptom Management
Cancer treatment can affect emotional, physical, and reproductive well-being. Integrated supportive care may include:
- Pain management
- Nutrition guidance
- Fertility counseling (before treatment when appropriate)
- Management of side effects such as nausea or fatigue
- Mental health care and survivorship support
Your OB/GYN will remain involved throughout treatment to support ongoing health needs.
Monitoring & Follow-Up
Follow-up care is essential for detecting recurrence, managing side effects, and supporting long-term wellness. Typical follow-up includes:
- Regular pelvic exams
- Periodic imaging when indicated
- Monitoring tumor markers (for specific cancers)
- Evaluation of menopausal symptoms if hormone levels change after treatment
- Support for sexual health and intimacy after surgery or radiation
- Screening for bone health when hormones are affected
Early diagnosis significantly improves outcomes for many gynecologic cancers. With timely treatment and coordinated care, many patients achieve remission and return to full, active lives.
The OB/GYN team at The Medical Group of New Jersey provides ongoing support through survivorship, mental health resources, and long-term preventive care.