Upper Respiratory Infections & Bronchiolitis

Common viral airway infections, such as the cold, RSV bronchiolitis, or parainfluenza, cause cough, congestion, and wheezing. Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on exam findings and history. Treatment focuses on supportive care, including fluids, rest, and fever control. Preventive care includes vaccinations (like RSV and influenza) and good hand hygiene.

At The Medical Group of New Jersey, our pediatricians provide expert evaluation and compassionate care to help your child recover quickly and comfortably from respiratory illnesses.

Symptom Onset & Initial Evaluation

Respiratory infections in children often begin with mild cold symptoms that can progress to more significant breathing difficulties, especially in infants. Common signs include:

• Runny or stuffy nose
• Cough (dry or productive)
• Wheezing or noisy breathing
• Fever and irritability
• Difficulty feeding or decreased appetite

During your visit, your pediatrician will review your child’s symptoms, exposure history, and any known sick contacts. A careful physical exam includes listening to lung sounds and checking oxygen levels.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic symptoms and physical findings. In some cases, additional testing may be recommended:

• Nasal swab testing: To identify specific viruses like RSV or influenza.
• Chest X-ray: If pneumonia or significant lower airway disease is suspected.
• Pulse oximetry: To monitor oxygen saturation in children with breathing difficulty.

These tests help confirm the cause and guide management, especially in infants or children with underlying conditions.

Treatment & Ongoing Management

Most viral respiratory infections are managed with supportive care at home. Your pediatrician will provide guidance on:

• Hydration: Encourage frequent small amounts of fluids (breastmilk, formula, or electrolyte solutions).
• Fever control: Acetaminophen or ibuprofen as age-appropriate.
• Nasal suctioning and humidified air: To relieve congestion.
• Rest: Allow your child to rest and recover.

For children with bronchiolitis or wheezing, your pediatrician may recommend nebulized treatments or monitor closely for signs of respiratory distress.

Prevention & Family Guidance

Preventive strategies are key to reducing the spread of respiratory infections:

• Ensure your child receives recommended vaccines (flu, RSV if eligible).
• Practice good hand hygiene and cover coughs/sneezes.
• Avoid close contact with sick individuals.
• Keep your child home from daycare or school while symptomatic.

Your pediatrician will discuss when it is safe to return to normal activities and provide guidance on managing symptoms at home.