Hemochromatosis

Hemochromatosis is a condition where the body absorbs and stores too much iron, leading to damage in organs such as the liver, heart, and pancreas. It can be inherited (genetic) or secondary to other conditions or frequent blood transfusions. Over time, excess iron can cause cirrhosis, diabetes, heart problems, and joint pain.

At The Medical Group of New Jersey, our hepatologists diagnose hemochromatosis early and provide treatment to remove excess iron and prevent long-term complications.

Symptom Onset & Initial Evaluation

Hemochromatosis often develops slowly, and symptoms may not appear until mid-adulthood. Common early signs include:

• Fatigue or weakness
• Joint pain or stiffness (especially in hands or knuckles)
• Skin darkening (“bronze” or gray tone)
• Abdominal discomfort or enlarged liver
• Loss of sex drive or irregular periods

Your hepatologist will review your family history, dietary habits, and any existing liver or heart issues. Early detection through blood testing is key to preventing organ damage.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis focuses on measuring iron levels and identifying underlying genetic causes. Tests may include:

• Blood tests: Measure ferritin and transferrin saturation levels (markers of iron storage).
• Genetic testing: Detects mutations in the HFE gene responsible for hereditary hemochromatosis.
• MRI or liver biopsy: Evaluates iron buildup and checks for fibrosis or cirrhosis.

At The Medical Group of New Jersey, results are reviewed by a multidisciplinary team to guide personalized treatment and family screening if needed.

Treatment

The main goal of treatment is to remove excess iron and protect the liver and other organs from damage.

Iron Removal Therapies

• Phlebotomy (therapeutic blood removal): Safely removes blood every few weeks until iron levels normalize, then transitions to maintenance therapy every few months.
• Chelation therapy: Used if phlebotomy isn’t possible; medication binds to iron so it can be excreted from the body.

Lifestyle & Supportive Measures

• Avoiding iron and vitamin C supplements (which increase absorption)
• Limiting red meat, alcohol, and high-iron foods
• Avoiding raw shellfish (due to infection risk in liver disease)

Ongoing Management & Long-Term Care

With proper treatment, most people with hemochromatosis can lead healthy, normal lives. Long-term management includes:

• Regular monitoring of ferritin and liver function tests
• Periodic phlebotomy to maintain safe iron levels
• Annual screening for diabetes, heart disease, and liver cancer (if cirrhosis is present)
• Family testing for genetic hemochromatosis, if indicated

At The Medical Group of New Jersey, our hepatology team provides lifelong support, from genetic counseling and dietary guidance to advanced monitoring for organ protection and wellness.